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History of computing

• Jacquard looms, then and now, punched cards

• Charles Babbage and the analytical engine

• Picture of difference engine

• Picture of part of the mill of the analytical engine

• Turing, the Turing machine, and the idea of a universal computer

• Turing and computers

Sample programs in different languages

• Dictionary of programming languages (with many examples in different languages)

• Cobol, record types in Cobol

• Fortran

• Algol

• Simula

ML

• Standard ML of New Jersey (compiler, tutorials, etc.)

• Jeffrey Ullman, Elements of ML Programming (2nd edition), Prentice-Hall, 1998.

Grammars

• BNF and EBNF

• EBNF for C (from Kernighan/Ritchie)

• Syntax diagrams

Imperative Programming

• Go to statement considered harmful (influential letter in the ACM communications by Edsger Dijkstra)

• "GOTO considered harmful" considered harmful (letter in the ACM, reply to Dijkstra causing even more of a stir)

• Goto in C#