Cryptology
CS333

Standards

• Federal Information Processing Standards, including
  • FIPS 197: Advanced Encryption Standard, official standard

Historical and Popular Books

• The Codebreakers, David Kahn, Sribner, 1996. (Comprehensive history of cryptology.)
• Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker's War, 1941-1945, Leo Marks, Free Press, 2000. (Cliffhanger account of Marks code-making work for British spies in Europe; compelling reading. Check out interview with Marks)
• The American Black Chamber, Yardley, Aegean Park Press. (Yardley was in charge of the American Black chamber which existed from 1917 to 1929. There also is a recent biography of Yardley by David Kahn entitled The Reader of Gentlemen's Mail).
• The Code Book, Simon Singh, Anchor, 2000. (Popular historical account of cryptology, with a fair amount of technical detail.)
• The Cuckoo's Egg, Cliff Stoll, Pocket Books, 1990. (Real life account of Stoll tracking down a hacker. Better than James Bond.)
• Cryptonomicon, Neal Stephenson, Harper, 2000. (Occasionally long-winded novel, containing accurate technical details.)
• The Man Who Broke Purple, Ronald Clark, Little Brown, 1977. (Biography of William Friedman, the father of modern American cryptography, and the story of how he broke Purple.)
• The Puzzle Palace, James Bamford, Viking, 1983. (The early history of the National Security Agency (NSA)).
• The Shadow Factory, James Bamford, Random House, 2009. (Bamford continues his story of the NSA post 9/11).
• The Official CIA Manual of Trickery and Deception, H Keith Melton, Robert Wallace (eds), William Morrow, 2009. (A training manual for spies written by famous magician John Mulholland. The training manual itself is less interesting than the lengthy introductory essay by the editors.)

Technical Historical Books

• Military Cryptanalytics, Part I and II, Friedman, Callimahos, Aegean Park Press. (Military training manual for codebreakers. Excellently presented material.)
• Cryptanalysis, Helen Fouche Gaines
• Decrypted Secrets, Bauer, Springer, 2002 (3rd edition). (Extremely comprehensive treatment of classical cryptology up to the end of WWII)
• Handbook of Applied Cryptography, Menezes, van Oorschot, Vanstone, CRC 1997. (Comprehensive treatment of modern cryptography).
• Applied Cryptography, Schneier, Wiley, 1996. (Very applied, includes code.)
• Machine Cryptography and Modern Cryptanalysis, Cipher A. Deavours, Louis Kruh.
• Basic cryptanalysis (field manual, released by the army; many similar books are available at Aegan Park Press).

Security

• Bruce Schneier's cryptogram, a monthly newsletter on security issues.
• Matt Blaize's page including his article on breaking the master-key system
• Keylengths for cryptosystems

Simulators and other Tools

• Polybios Cipher (with torches)
• Wheel cipher simulator
•  Enigma simulator
• A paper enigma simulator
• English letter frequencies (wikipedia)
• A simulator for many different ciphers

Mathematics

• Elementary introduction to modular arithmetic
• Psychic webpage (how does it work?)

Other

• Enigma information and pictures
• Using an Enigma machine (actually Simon Singh's machine)
• National Cryptologic museum
• Trithemius' Steganographia
• Porta's Magia naturalis in English translation
• Ralph Erskine's article on breaking the Naval Enigma (making excellent background reading for watching the movie Enigma)
• Unbroken ciphers
• Ancient Greek communication methods
• Heartbleed attack
• Linear Congruential Operator
• Marconi and Maskelyne
• Grace Hopper on how long is a nanosecond.

Movies & TV

• Enigma (good movie, with precise details on breaking the German Enigma)
• Sneakers (entertaining)
• Elizabeth (features Sir Francis Walsingham, the spymaster of Elizabeth I)
• Breakfast at Tiffany's (featuring the weather code)
• Secret's of War - Rommel's Enigma (the details about magician Jasper Maskelyne's war work are as fascinating as they are overblown not to say wrong)